Electoral Politics And Democratic Governance In Nigeria: Political Economy Perspective

Abstract

This study examines the influence of political and economic interests on electoral processes and democratic governance in Nigeria. Guided by the political economy perspective, the research employs content analysis of empirical studies covering the period from 1999 to 2023. The analysis synthesizes findings from multiple studies to explore how elite behavior, structural economic conditions, and institutional weaknesses shape elections and governance outcomes. The findings reveal that Nigeria’s democracy is heavily influenced by elite dominance, corruption, monetization of politics, ethnic manipulation, and weak institutions, resulting in elections that are largely procedural rather than substantive. Poverty and economic inequality further distort voter behavior and limit political participation. The study concludes that democratic consolidation in Nigeria remains fragile, with governance driven by self-interest rather than public welfare. To strengthen democracy, the study recommends enhancing institutional capacity, promoting internal party democracy, curbing corruption and elite manipulation, improving civic education, and addressing structural economic challenges to foster inclusive participation and accountable governance.