Sectarianism And Geopolitics: The Role Of Sunni-Shia Rivalry In Iran Saudi Relation

Abstract

The Middle East's geopolitics are significantly shaped by the enduring Sunni-Shia conflict, primarily between Saudi Arabia and Iran, which presents a critical research gap in understanding the implications for regional security. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of this rivalry, its impact on domestic politics, and its broader ramifications for global peace. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the research examines historical, theological, and ideological divides, alongside the use of sectarian rhetoric by both nations to mobilize domestic support and justify their involvement in regional proxy conflicts in Syria, Yemen, and Iraq. Findings indicate that while sectarianism is a primary driver of conflict, it is deeply intertwined with geopolitical ambitions, such as economic dominance and regional hegemony. The study concludes that the ongoing sectarian strife not only perpetuates violence and instability but also poses a significant threat to international peace. Therefore, it recommends exploring potential de-escalation strategies, including international mediation, diplomatic engagement, and addressing the root causes of sectarian tensions to foster a more secure and stable region.

Keywords: Sectarianism, Sunni-Shia Rivalry, Iran-Saudi Relations, Geopolitics, Regional Security